{"id":1138,"date":"2015-10-13T20:07:21","date_gmt":"2015-10-13T12:07:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vcoo.cc\/blog\/?p=1138"},"modified":"2015-10-13T20:07:21","modified_gmt":"2015-10-13T12:07:21","slug":"linux-chattr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vcoo.cc\/blog\/1138\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u7684chattr\u4e0elsattr\u547d\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3\uff08\u8f6c\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u53d1\u73b0\u7528root\u6743\u9650\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u66fe\u7ecf\u7528chattr\u547d\u4ee4\u9501\u5b9a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e86\u3002chattr\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u7531Linux\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u6765\u652f\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u73b0\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8dd1\u7684linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u662f2.6\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u6838\u4e86\u3002\u901a\u8fc7chattr\u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u6027\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002chattr\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u62a4\/\u3001\/dev\u3001\/tmp\u3001\/var\u76ee\u5f55\u3002lsattr\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u663e\u793achattr\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u7528\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e0echmod\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cchmod\u53ea\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u66f4\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u7531chattr\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>chattr\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff1achattr [ -RVf ] [ -v version ] [ mode ] files\u2026<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\u5728[mode]\u90e8\u5206\uff0c[mode]\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7531+-=\u548c[ASacDdIijsTtu]\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7528\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>+ \uff1a\u5728\u539f\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ffd\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u3002<br \/>\n&#8211; \uff1a\u5728\u539f\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u79fb\u9664\u53c2\u6570\u3002<br \/>\n= \uff1a\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u5b9a\u3002<br \/>\nA\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 atime (access time)\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u4fee\u6539(modified), \u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u9884\u9632\u4f8b\u5982\u624b\u63d0\u7535\u8111\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002<br \/>\nS\uff1a\u786c\u76d8I\/O\u540c\u6b65\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u7c7b\u4f3csync\u3002<br \/>\na\uff1a\u5373append\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u53ea\u6709root\u624d\u80fd\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<br \/>\nc\uff1a\u5373compresse\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u7ecf\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u518d\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u538b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\nd\uff1a\u5373no dump\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3adump\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u76ee\u6807\u3002<br \/>\ni\uff1a\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3001\u6539\u540d\u3001\u8bbe\u5b9a\u94fe\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5199\u5165\u6216\u65b0\u589e\u5185\u5bb9\u3002i\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6 \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<br \/>\nj\uff1a\u5373journal\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f53\u901a\u8fc7mount\u53c2\u6570\uff1adata=ordered \u6216\u8005 data=writeback \u6302 \u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u5199\u5165\u65f6\u4f1a\u5148\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55(\u5728journal\u4e2d)\u3002\u5982\u679cfilesystem\u88ab\u8bbe\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u4e3a data=journal\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u81ea\u52a8\u5931\u6548\u3002<br \/>\ns\uff1a\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u5730\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5373\u786c\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u88ab\u5168\u90e8\u6536\u56de\u3002<br \/>\nu\uff1a\u4e0es\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5f53\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3au\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8eundeletion\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u5404\u53c2\u6570\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u5230\u7684\u662fa\u548ci\u3002a\u9009\u9879\u5f3a\u5236\u53ea\u53ef\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0d\u53ef\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u5b9a\u3002\u800ci\u662f\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709superuser (root) \u6216\u5177\u6709CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u6807\u8bc6\uff09\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u65bd\u52a0\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<p>P.S. \u5982\u679c\u6267\u884c chattr \u63d0\u793a\u51fa\u4e0d\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u5219\u8981\u5148<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vcoo.cc\/blog\/linux-chattr-command-not-found\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u5b89\u88c5\u00a0e2fsprogs \u5de5\u5177<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5e94\u7528\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u7528chattr\u547d\u4ee4\u9632\u6b62\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p># chattr +i \/etc\/resolv.conf<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u7528mv \/etc\/resolv.conf\u7b49\u547d\u4ee4\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e8e\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5f97\u5230Operation not permitted \u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002vim\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u4f1a\u63d0\u793aW10: Warning: Changing a readonly file\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u4fee\u6539\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u8981\u628ai\u5c5e\u6027\u53bb\u6389\uff1a chattr -i \/etc\/resolv.conf<\/p>\n<blockquote><p># lsattr \/etc\/resolv.conf<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5982\u4e0b\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8212;-i&#8212;&#8212;&#8211; \/etc\/resolv.conf<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>2\u3001\u8ba9\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u80fd\u5f80\u91cc\u9762\u8ffd\u52a0\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p># chattr +a \/var\/log\/messages<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u53d1\u73b0\u7528root\u6743\u9650\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u66fe\u7ecf\u7528chattr\u547d\u4ee4\u9501\u5b9a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e86\u3002chattr\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u7531Linux\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u6765\u652f\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u73b0\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8dd1\u7684linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u662f2.6\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u6838\u4e86\u3002\u901a\u8fc7chattr\u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u6027\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002chattr\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u62a4\/\u3001\/dev\u3001\/tmp\u3001\/var\u76ee\u5f55\u3002lsattr\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u663e\u793achattr\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[156],"tags":[292,141,293],"class_list":["post-1138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server-tech","tag-chattr","tag-linux","tag-lsattr","cat-156-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vcoo.cc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vcoo.cc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vcoo.cc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vcoo.cc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vcoo.cc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1138"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vcoo.cc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1138\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vcoo.cc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vcoo.cc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vcoo.cc\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}